Internet Tools (InfoMagic)/Internet Tools.iso/samba/INSTALL.txt

Text File | 1995-04-24 | 13KB | 337 lines

HOW TO INSTALL AND TEST SAMBA
=============================


STEP 0. Read the man pages. They contain lots of useful info that will
help to get you started. If you don't know how to read man pages then
try something like:

    nroff -man smbd.8 | more

STEP 1. install a smb client.

There are several, eg: Pathworks, Lanmanager for DOS, Windows for
Workgroups, Windows95, Lanmanager for Windows, Lanmanager for OS/2,
Windows NT come to mind. Lanmanager for dos is available via ftp from
ftp.microsoft.com in bussys/MSclient/dos/. Please read the licensing
stuff before downloading. Use the TCP/IP option in the client. Add
your server to the \etc\lmhosts (or equivalent) file on the client.

Note that your client must support TCP/IP. All the clients that I know
of do, but with many TCP/IP is not installed by default. With some you
have to get an optional add-on to support TCP/IP. The add-ons for
windows for workgroups, dos and OS/2 are available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.microsoft.com.

The TCP/IP package for WfWg is available from ftp.microsoft.com as the file
/peropsys/windows/public/tcpip/wfwt32.exe


STEP 2. Install Samba on a unix box.

To do this, first edit the Makefile. You will find that the Makefile
has an entry for most unixes and you need to uncomment the one that
matches your operating system.

You should also edit the section at the top of the Makefile which
determines where things will be installed. You need to get this right
before compilation as Samba needs to find some things at runtime
(smbrun in particular). There are also settings for where you want
your log files etc. Make sure you get these right, and that the
directories exist.

Then type "make". This will create smbd, nmbd and smbclient.

Once it's successfully compiled you can use "make install" to install
the binaries and manual pages. You can separately install the binaries
and/or man pages using "make installbin" and "make installman".

Note that if you are upgrading for a previous version of Samba you
might like to know that the old versions of the binaries will be
renamed with a ".old" extension. You can go back to the previous
version with "make revert" if you find this version a disaster!


STEP 3. Create the smb configuration file.

There is a sample configuration file called smb.conf.sampl supplied
with the distribution. It has lots of comments on some of the
available options. See the man page for all the options.

The simplest useful configuration file would be something like this:

[homes]
    guest ok = no
    read only = no

which would allow connections by anyone with an account on the server,
using either their login name or "homes" as the service name.

Note that "make install" will not install a smb.conf file. You need to
create it yourself. You will also need to create the path you specify
in the Makefile for the logs etc, such as /usr/local/samba.

Make sure you put the smb.conf file in the same place you specified in
the Makefile.

STEP 4. Test your config file with testparm

It's important that you test the validity of your smb.conf file using
the testparm program. If testparm runs OK then it will list the loaded
services. If not it will give an error message.

STEP 5. Starting the smbd and nmbd.

You must choose to start smbd and nmbd either as daemons or from
inetd. Don't try to do both!  Either you can put them in inetd.conf
and have them started on demand by inetd, or you can start them as
daemons either from the command line or in /etc/rc.local. See the man
pages for details on the command line options.

The man advantage of starting smbd and nmbd as a daemon is that they
will respond slightly more quickly to an initial connection
request. This is, however, unlilkely to be a problem.

Step 5a. Starting from inetd.conf

Look at your /etc/services. What is defined at port 139/tcp. If
nothing is defined then add a line like this:

netbios-ssn     139/tcp

similarly for 137/udp you should have an entry like:

netbios-ns    137/udp

Next edit your /etc/inetd.conf and add two lines something like this:

netbios-ssn stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/samba/smbd smbd
netbios-ns dgram udp wait root /usr/local/samba/nmbd nmbd

The exact syntax of /etc/inetd.conf varies between unixes. Look at the
other entries in inetd.conf for a guide.

NOTE: Some unixes already have entries like netbios_ns (note the
underscore) in /etc/services. You must either edit /etc/services or
/etc/inetd.conf to make them consistant.

NOTE: On many systems you may need to give the nmbd a -B parameter to
specify the broadcast address of your interface. Run ifconfig as root
if you don't know what the broadcast is for your net. nmbd tries to
determine it at run time, but fails on some unixes. See the section on
"testing nmbd" for a method of finding if you need to do this.

!!!WARNING!!! Many unixes only accept around 5 parameters on the
command line in inetd. This means you shouldn't use spaces between the
options and arguments, or you should use a script, and start the
script from inetd.

Restart inetd, perhaps just send it a HUP. If you have installed an
earlier version of nmbd then you may need to kill nmbd as well.

Step 5b. Alternative: starting it as a daemon

To start the server as a daemon you should create a script something
like this one, perhaps calling it "startsmb"

#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/samba/smbd -D
/usr/local/samba/nmbd -D

then make it executable with "chmod +x startsmb"

You can then run startsmb by hand or execute it from /etc/rc.local

To kill it send a kill signal to the processes nmbd and smbd.



STEP 7. Try listing the shares available on your server

smbclient -L yourhostname

Your should get back a list of shares available on your server. If you
don't then something is incorrectly setup. Note that this method can
also be used to see what shares are available on other LanManager
clients (such as WfWg).

If you chose user level security then you may find that Samba requests
a password before it will list the shares. See the smbclient docs for
details.

STEP 8. try connecting with the unix client. eg:

smbclient '\\yourhostname\aservice'

Typically the "yourhostname" would be the name of the host where you
installed smbd. The "aservice" is any service you have defined in the
smb.conf file. Try your user name if you just have a [homes] section
in smb.conf.

For example if your unix host is bambi and your login name is fred you
would type:

smbclient '\\bambi\fred'

NOTE: The number of slashes to use depends on the type of shell you
use. You may need "\\\\bambi\\fred" with some shells.

STEP 9. Try connecting from a dos/WfWg/Win95/NT/os-2 client. Try
mounting disks. eg:

net use d: \\servername\service

Try printing. eg:

net use lpt1: \\servername\spoolservice
print filename

Celebrate, or send me a bug report!

TESTING NMBD
============

As of version 1.7.00 it is possible to test nmbd to see if it is
correctly installed. This can also test to see if it can auto-detect
your broadcast address.

Under some operating systems you can only test the broadcast part if
running as root. You can test other functionality from a non-root
account. To test from root use:

nmbd -L TESTNAME

where TESTNAME is the netbios name you wish to test. This would
typically be the hostname of the unix host where you installed nmbd.
It should return the IP address of the host you are looking for. If it
doesn't then something is wrong with your nmbd configuration. (It is
also possibe that you have a net configuration that doesn't send
broadcasts to itself. Some Linux configurations do this.)

If it fails then it could mean it is not correctly detecting your
broadcast address or netmask. You will then need to supply the -B and
-N parameters. See the nmbd man page for details.

It has succeeded if somewhere in the output is a line like:

ww.xx.yy.zz HOSTNAME

which means it managed to look the IP correctly.

To test from a non-root account use:

nmbd -B HOSTNAME -L TESTNAME

where hostname is the host name of the host where nmbd is installed
and TESTNAME is the name you want to test. Typically this would be the
same as HOSTNAME.


NAME RESOLUTION
===============

Probably the most common problem people have when installing Samba is
getting name resolution to work. This is usually caused by incorrect
settings for nmbd.

One solution is to use nmbd as a WINS server, instead of using name
resolution by broadcast. To do this you need to enter the IP address
of the Samba server in the WINS section of your WfWg, Win95 or WinNT TCP/IP
setup.

As a last resort you can use a lmhosts file on the PC to resolve names,
as long as you enable lmhosts name resolution in the right dialog
box. This doesn't lend itself very well to update, however.

The best solution is, however, to fix the nmbd setup. Experimentation
and careful reading of the Samba docs should help.


CHOOSING THE PROTOCOL LEVEL
===========================

The SMB protocol has many dialects. Currently Samba supports 4, called
CORE, COREPLUS, LANMAN1, LANMAN2 and NT1.

You can choose what protocols to support in the smb.conf file. The
default is NT1 and that is the best for the vast majority of sites.

In older versions of Samba you may have found it necessary to use
COREPLUS. The limitations that led to this have mostly been fixed. It
is now less likely that you will want to use less than LANMAN1. The
only remaining advantage of COREPLUS is that for some obscure reason
WfWg preserves the case of passwords in this protocol, whereas under
LANMAN1, LANMAN2 or NT1 it uppercases all passwords before sending them,
forcing you to use the "password level=" option in some cases.

The main advantage of LANMAN2 and NT1 is support for long filenames with some
clients (eg: smbclient, Windows NT or Win95).

See the smb.conf manual page for more details.

Note: To support print queue reporting you may find that you have to
use TCP/IP as the default protocol under WfWg. For some reason if you
leave Netbeui as the default it may break the print queue reporting on
some systems. It is presumably a WfWg bug.


PRINTING FROM UNIX
==================

To use a printer that is available via a smb-based server from a unix
host you will need to compile the smbclient program. You then need to
install the script "smbprint". Read the instruction in smbprint for
more details.

There is also a SYSV style script that does much the same thing called
smbprint.sysv. It contains instructions.


LOCKING
=======

One area which sometimes causes trouble is locking.

There are two types of locking which need to be performed by a SMB
server. The first is "record locking" which allows a client to lock a
range of bytes in a open file. The second is the "deny modes" that are
specified when a file is open.

Samba supports "record locking" using the fcntl() unix system
call. This is often implemented using rpc calls to a rpc.lockd process
running on the system that owns the filesystem. Unfortunately many
rpc.lockd implementations are very buggy, particularly when made to
talk to versions from other vendors. It is not uncommon for the
rpc.lockd to crash.

There is also a problem translating the 32 bit lock requests generated
by PC clients to 31 bit requests supported by most
unixes. Unfortunately many PC applications (typically OLE2
applications) use byte ranges with the top bit set as semaphore
sets. Samba attempts translation to support these types of
applications, and the translation has proved to be quite successful.

Strictly a SMB server should check for locks before every read and
write call on a file. Unfortunately with the way fcntl() works this
can be slow and may overstress the rpc.lockd. It is also almost always
unnecessary as clients are supposed to independently make locking
calls before reads and writes anyway if locking is important to
them. By default Samba only makes locking calls when explicitly asked
to by a client, but if you set "strict locking = yes" then it will
make lock checking calls on every read and write.

You can also disable by range locking completely using "locking =
no". This is useful for those shares that don't support locking or
don't need it (such as cdroms). In this case Samba fakes the return
codes of locking calls to tell clients that everything is OK.

The second class of locking is the "deny modes". These are set by an
application when it opens a file to determine what types of access
should be allowed simultaneously with it's open. A client may ask for
DENY_NONE, DENY_READ, DENY_WRITE or DENY_ALL. There are also special
compatability modes called DENY_FCB and DENY_DOS.

By default Samba does not implement these share modes. If you use
"share modes = yes" then Samba will implement them using locking files
in the "lock directory". See the man pages for details.